NAME
bitmap, bmtoa, atobm - bitmap editor and converter
utilities for the X Window System
SYNOPSIS
bitmap [ -options ... ] [
filename ] [ basename ]
bmtoa [ -chars ... ] [ filename ]
atobm [ -chars cc ] [ -name
variable ] [ -xhot number ] [ -yhot
number ] [ filename ]
DESCRIPTION
The bitmap program is a rudimentary tool
for creating or editing rectangular images made up of 1's and 0's.
Bitmaps are used in X for defining clipping regions, cursor shapes,
icon shapes, and tile and stipple patterns.
The bmtoa and atobm filters convert bitmap
files (FILE FORMAT) to and from ASCII strings. They are most
commonly used to quickly print out bitmaps and to generate versions
for including in text.
COMMAND LINE OPTIONS
Bitmap supports the standard X
Toolkit command line arguments (see X(1)). The
following additional arguments are supported as well.
- -size WIDTHxHEIGHT
- Specifies size of the grid in squares.
- -sw dimension
- Specifies the width of squares in pixels.
- -sh dimension
- Specifies the height of squares in pixels.
- -gt dimension
- Grid tolerance. If the square dimensions fall below the
specified value, grid will be automatically turned off.
- -grid, +grid
- Turns on or off the grid lines.
- -axes, +axes
- Turns on or off the major axes.
- -dashed, +dashed
- Turns on or off dashing for the frame and grid lines.
- -stippled, +stippled
- Turns on or off stippling of highlighted squares.
- -proportional, +proportional
- Turns proportional mode on or off. If proportional mode is on,
square width is equal to square height. If proportional mode is
off, bitmap will use the smaller square dimension, if they
were initially different.
- -dashes filename
- Specifies the bitmap to be used as a stipple for dashing.
- -stipple filename
- Specifies the bitmap to be used as a stipple for highlighting.
- -hl color
- Specifies the color used for highlighting.
- -fr color
- Specifies the color used for the frame and grid lines.
- filename
- Specifies the bitmap to be initially loaded into the program.
If the file does not exist, bitmap will assume it is a new
file.
- basename
- Specifies the basename to be used in the C code output file. If
it is different than the basename in the working file,
bitmap will change it when saving the file.
Bmtoa accepts the following option:
- -chars cc
- This option specifies the pair of characters to use in the
string version of the bitmap. The first character is used for 0
bits and the second character is used for 1 bits. The default is to
use dashes (-) for 0's and sharp signs (#) for 1's.
Atobm accepts the following options:
- -chars cc
- This option specifies the pair of characters to use when
converting string bitmaps into arrays of numbers. The first
character represents a 0 bit and the second character represents a
1 bit. The default is to use dashes (-) for 0's and sharp signs (#)
for 1's.
- -name variable
- This option specifies the variable name to be used when writing
out the bitmap file. The default is to use the basename of the
filename command line argument or leave it blank if the
standard input is read.
- -xhot number
- This option specifies the X coordinate of the hotspot. Only
positive values are allowed. By default, no hotspot information is
included.
- -yhot number
- This option specifies the Y coordinate of the hotspot. Only
positive values are allowed. By default, no hotspot information is
included.
USAGE
Bitmap displays grid in which each square
represents a single bit in the picture being edited. Actual size of
the bitmap image, as it would appear normaly and inverted, can be
obtained by pressingMeta-I key. You are free to move the
image popup out of the way to continue editing. Pressing the left
mouse button in the popup window or Meta-I again will remove
the real size bitmap image.
If the bitmap is to be used for defining a cursor, one of the
squares in the images may be designated as the hot spot. This
determines where the cursor is actually pointing. For cursors with
sharp tips (such as arrows or fingers), this is usually at the end
of the tip; for symmetric cursors (such as crosses or bullseyes),
this is usually at the center.
Bitmaps are stored as small C code fragments suitable for
including in applications. They provide an array of bits as well as
symbolic constants giving the width, height, and hot spot (if
specified) that may be used in creating cursors, icons, and tiles.
EDITING
To edit a bitmap image simply click on one of the
buttons with drawing commands (Point, Curve, Line,
Rectangle, etc.) and move the pointer into the bitmap grid
window. Press one of the buttons on your mouse and the appropriate
action will take place. You can either set, clear or invert the
gird squares. Setting a grid square corresponds to setting a bit in
the bitmap image to 1. Clearing a grid square corresponds to
setting a bit in the bitmap image to 0. Inverting a grid square
corresponds to changing a bit in the bitmap image from 0 to 1 or 1
to 0, depending what its previous state was. The default behavior
of mouse buttons is as specified below.
MouseButton1 Set
MouseButton2 Invert
MouseButton3 Clear
MouseButton4 Clear
MouseButton5 Clear
This default behavior can be changed by setting the button
function resources. An example is provided below.
bitmap*button1Function: Set
bitmap*button2Function: Clear
bitmap*button3Function: Invert
etc.
The button function applies to all drawing commands, including
copying, moving and pasting, flood filling and setting the hot
spot.
DRAWING COMMANDS
Here is the list of drawing commands
accessible through the buttons at the left side of the
application's window. Some commands can be aborted by pressing A
inside the bitmap window, allowing the user to select different
guiding points where applicable.
- Clear
- This command clears all bits in the bitmap image. The grid
squares will be set to the background color. Pressing C inside the
bitmap window has the same effect.
- Set
- This command sets all bits in the bitmap image. The grid
squares will be set to the foreground color. Pressing S inside the
bitmap window has the same effect.
- Invert
- This command inverts all bits in the bitmap image. The grid
squares will be inverted appropriately. Pressing I inside the
bitmap window has the same effect.
- Mark
- This command is used to mark an area of the grid by dragging
out a rectangular shape in the highlighting color. Once the area is
marked, it can be operated on by a number of commands (see Up,
Down, Left, Right, Rotate, Flip, Cut, etc.) Only one marked
area can be present at any time. If you attempt to mark another
area, the old mark will vanish. The same effect can be achieved by
pressingShift-MouseButton1 and dragging out a rectangle in
the grid window. Pressing Shift-MouseButton2 will mark the
entire grid area.
- Unmark
- This command will cause the marked area to vanish. The same
effect can be achieved by pressing Shift-MouseButton3.
- Copy
- This command is used to copy an area of the grid from one
location to another. If there is no marked grid area displayed,
Copy behaves just like Mark described above. Once
there is a marked grid area displayed in the highlighting color,
this command has two alternative behaviors. If you click a mouse
button inside the marked area, you will be able to drag the
rectangle that represents the marked area to the desired location.
After you release the mouse button, the area will be copied. If you
click outside the marked area, Copy will assume that you
wish to mark a different region of the bitmap image, thus it will
behave like Mark again.
- Move
- This command is used to move an area of the grid from one
location to another. Its behavior resembles the behavior of
Copy command, except that the marked area will be moved
instead of copied.
- Flip Horizontally
- This command will flip the bitmap image with respect to the
horizontal axes. If a marked area of the grid is highlighted, it
will operate only inside the marked area. Pressing H inside the
bitmap window has the same effect.
- Up
- This command moves the bitmap image one pixel up. If a marked
area of the grid is highlighted, it will operate only inside the
marked area. Pressing UpArrow inside the bitmap window has the same
effect.
- Flip Vertically
- This command will flip the bitmap image with respect to the
vertical axes. If a marked area of the grid is highlighted, it will
operate only inside the marked area. Pressing V inside the bitmap
window has the same effect.
- Left
- This command moves the bitmap image one pixel to the left. If a
marked area of the grid is highlighted, it will operate only inside
the marked area. Pressing LeftArrow inside the bitmap window has
the same effect.
- Fold
- This command will fold the bitmap image so that the opposite
corners become adjacent. This is useful when creating bitmap images
for tiling. Pressing F inside the bitmap window has the same
effect.
- Right
- This command moves the bitmap image one pixel to the right. If
a marked area of the grid is highlighted, it will operate only
inside the marked area. Pressing RightArrow inside the bitmap
window has the same effect.
- Rotate Left
- This command rotates the bitmap image 90 degrees to the left
(counter clockwise.) If a marked area of the grid is highlighted,
it will operate only inside the marked area. Pressing L inside the
bitmap window has the same effect.
- Down
- This command moves the bitmap image one pixel down. If a marked
area of the grid is highlighted, it will operate only inside the
marked area. Pressing DownArrow inside the bitmap window has the
same effect.
- Rotate Right
- This command rotates the bitmap image 90 degrees to the right
(clockwise.) If a marked area of the grid is highlighted, it will
operate only inside the marked area. Pressing R inside the bitmap
window has the same effect.
- Point
- This command will change the grid squares underneath the mouse
pointer if a mouse button is being pressed down. If you drag the
mouse button continuously, the line may not be continuous,
depending on the speed of your system and frequency of mouse motion
events.
- Curve
- This command will change the grid squares underneath the mouse
pointer if a mouse button is being pressed down. If you drag the
mouse button continuously, it will make sure that the line is
continuous. If your system is slow or bitmap receives very
few mouse motion events, it might behave quite strangely.
- Line
- This command will change the gird squares in a line between two
squares. Once you press a mouse button in the grid window,
bitmap will highlight the line from the square where the
mouse button was initially pressed to the square where the mouse
pointer is located. By releasing the mouse button you will cause
the change to take effect, and the highlighted line will disappear.
- Rectangle
- This command will change the gird squares in a rectangle
between two squares. Once you press a mouse button in the grid
window, bitmap will highlight the rectangle from the square
where the mouse button was initially pressed to the square where
the mouse pointer is located. By releasing the mouse button you
will cause the change to take effect, and the highlighted rectangle
will disappear.
- Filled Rectangle
- This command is identical to Rectangle, except at the
end the rectangle will be filled rather than outlined.
- Circle
- This command will change the gird squares in a circle between
two squares. Once you press a mouse button in the grid window,
bitmap will highlight the circle from the square where the
mouse button was initially pressed to the square where the mouse
pointer is located. By releasing the mouse button you will cause
the change to take effect, and the highlighted circle will
disappear.
- Filled Circle
- This command is identical to Circle, except at the end
the circle will be filled rather than outlined.
- Flood Fill
- This command will flood fill the connected area underneath the
mouse pointer when you click on the desired square. Diagonally
adjacent squares are not considered to be connected.
- Set Hot Spot
- This command designates one square in the grid as the hot spot
if this bitmap image is to be used for defining a cursor. Pressing
a mouse button in the desired square will cause a diamond shape to
be displayed.
- Clear Hot Spot
- This command removes any designated hot spot from the bitmap
image.
- Undo
- This command will undo the last executed command. It has depth
one, that is, pressing Undo after Undo will undo
itself.
FILE MENU
The File menu commands can be accessed by
pressing the File button and selecting the appropriate menu entry,
or by pressing Ctrl key with another key. These commands deal with
files and global bitmap parameters, such as size, basename,
filename etc.
- New
- This command will clear the editing area and prompt for the
name of the new file to be edited. It will not load in the new
file.
- Load
- This command is used to load a new bitmap file into the bitmap
editor. If the current image has not been saved, user will be asked
whether to save or ignore the changes. The editor can edit only one
file at a time. If you need interactive editing, run a number of
editors and use cut and paste mechanism as described below.
- Insert
- This command is used to insert a bitmap file into the image
being currently edited. After being prompted for the filename,
click inside the grid window and drag the outlined rectangle to the
location where you want to insert the new file.
- Save
- This command will save the bitmap image. It will not prompt for
the filename unless it is said to be <none>. If you leave the
filename undesignated or -, the output will be piped to stdout.
- Save As
- This command will save the bitmap image after prompting for a
new filename. It should be used if you want to change the filename.
- Resize
- This command is used to resize the editing area to the new
number of pixels. The size should be entered in the WIDTHxHEIGHT
format. The information in the image being edited will not be lost
unless the new size is smaller that the current image size. The
editor was not designed to edit huge files.
- Rescale
- This command is used to rescale the editing area to the new
width and height. The size should be entered in the WIDTHxHEIGHT
format. It will not do antialiasing and information will be lost if
you rescale to the smaller sizes. Feel free to add you own
algorithms for better rescaling.
- Filename
- This command is used to change the filename without changing
the basename nor saving the file. If you specify - for a filename,
the output will be piped to stdout.
- Basename
- This command is used to change the basename, if a different one
from the specified filename is desired.
- Quit
- This command will terminate the bitmap application. If the file
was not saved, user will be prompted and asked whether to save the
image or not. This command is preferred over killing the
process.
EDIT MENU
The Edit menu commands can be accessed by
pressing the Edit button and selecting the appropriate menu entry,
or by pressing Meta key with another key. These commands deal with
editing facilities such as grid, axes, zooming, cut and paste, etc.
- Image
- This command will display the image being edited and its
inverse in its actual size in a separate window. The window can be
moved away to continue with editing. Pressing the left mouse button
in the image window will cause it to disappear from the screen.
- Grid
- This command controls the grid in the editing area. If the grid
spacing is below the value specified by gridTolerance resource (8
by default), the grid will be automatically turned off. It can be
enforced by explicitly activating this command.
- Dashed
- This command controls the stipple for drawing the grid lines.
The stipple specified by dashes resource can be turned on or off by
activating this command.
- Axes
- This command controls the highlighting of the main axes of the
image being edited. The actual lines are not part of the image.
They are provided to aid user when constructing symmetrical images,
or whenever having the main axes highlighted helps your editing.
- Stippled
- This command controls the stippling of the highlighted areas of
the bitmap image. The stipple specified by stipple resource can be
turned on or off by activating this command.
- Proportional
- This command controls the proportional mode. If the
proportional mode is on, width and height of all image squares are
forced to be equal, regardless of the proportions of the bitmap
window.
- Zoom
- This command controls the zoom mode. If there is a marked area
of the image already displayed, bitmap will automatically zoom into
it. Otherwise, user will have to highlight an area to be edited in
the zoom mode and bitmap will automatically switch into it. One can
use all the editing commands and other utilities in the zoom mode.
When you zoom out, undo command will undo the whole zoom session.
- Cut
- This commands cuts the contents of the highlighted image area
into the internal cut and paste buffer.
- Copy
- This command copies the contents of the highlighted image area
into the internal cut and paste buffer.
- Paste
- This command will check if there are any other bitmap
applications with a highlighted image area, or if there is
something in the internal cut and paste buffer and copy it to the
image. To place the copied image, click in the editing window and
drag the outlined image to the position where you want to place i,
and then release the button.
CUT AND PASTE
Bitmap supports two cut and paste mechanisms;
the internal cut and paste and the global X selection cut and
paste. The internal cut and paste is used when executing copy and
move drawing commands and also cut and copy commands from the edit
menu. The global X selection cut and paste is used whenever there
is a highlighted area of a bitmap image displayed anywhere on the
screen. To copy a part of image from another bitmap editor simply
highlight the desired area by using the Mark command or pressing
the shift key and dragging the area with the left mouse button.
When the selected area becomes highlighted, any other applications
(such as xterm, etc.) that use primary selection will discard their
selection values and unhighlight the appropriate information. Now,
use the Paste command for the Edit menu or control mouse button to
copy the selected part of image into another (or the same) bitmap
application. If you attempt to do this without a visible
highlighted image area, the bitmap will fall back to the internal
cut and paste buffer and paste whatever was there stored at the
moment.
WIDGETS
Below is the widget structure of the bitmap
application. Indentation indicates hierarchical structure. The
widget class name is given first, followed by the widget instance
name. All widgets except the bitmap widget are from the standard
Athena widget set.
Bitmap bitmap
TransientShell image
Box box
Label normalImage
Label invertedImage
TransientShell input
Dialog dialog
Command okay
Command cancel
TransientShell error
Dialog dialog
Command abort
Command retry
TransientShell qsave
Dialog dialog
Command yes
Command no
Command cancel
Paned parent
Form formy
MenuButton fileButton
SimpleMenu fileMenu
SmeBSB new
SmeBSB load
SmeBSB insert
SmeBSB save
SmeBSB saveAs
SmeBSB resize
SmeBSB rescale
SmeBSB filename
SmeBSB basename
SmeLine line
SmeBSB quit
MenuButton editButton
SimpleMenu editMenu
SmeBSB image
SmeBSB grid
SmeBSB dashed
SmeBSB axes
SmeBSB stippled
SmeBSB proportional
SmeBSB zoom
SmeLine line
SmeBSB cut
SmeBSB copy
SmeBSB paste
Label status
Pane pane
Bitmap bitmap
Form form
Command clear
Command set
Command invert
Toggle mark
Command unmark
Toggle copy
Toggle move
Command flipHoriz
Command up
Command flipVert
Command left
Command fold
Command right
Command rotateLeft
Command down
Command rotateRight
Toggle point
Toggle curve
Toggle line
Toggle rectangle
Toggle filledRectangle
Toggle circle
Toggle filledCircle
Toggle floodFill
Toggle setHotSpot
Command clearHotSpot
Command undo
COLORS
If you would like bitmap to be viewable in color,
include the following in the #ifdef COLOR section of the file you
read with xrdb:
*customization: -color
This will cause bitmap to pick up the colors in the app-defaults
color customization file:
/usr/share/X11/app-defaults/Bitmap-color
BITMAP WIDGET
Bitmap widget is a stand-alone widget for
editing raster images. It is not designed to edit large images,
although it may be used in that purpose as well. It can be freely
incorporated with other applications and used as a standard editing
tool. The following are the resources provided by the bitmap
widget.
Bitmap Widget
Header file Bitmap.h
Class bitmapWidgetClass
Class Name Bitmap
Superclass Bitmap
All the Simple Widget resources plus ...
Name Class Type Default Value
foreground Foreground Pixel XtDefaultForeground
highlight Highlight Pixel XtDefaultForeground
framing Framing Pixel XtDefaultForeground
gridTolerance GridTolerance Dimension 8
size Size String 32x32
dashed Dashed Boolean True
grid Grid Boolean True
stippled Stippled Boolean True
proportional Proportional Boolean True
axes Axes Boolean False
squareWidth SquareWidth Dimension 16
squareHeight SquareHeight Dimension 16
margin Margin Dimension 16
xHot XHot Position NotSet (-1)
yHot YHot Position NotSet (-1)
button1Function Button1Function DrawingFunction Set
button2Function Button2Function DrawingFunction Invert
button3Function Button3Function DrawingFunction Clear
button4Function Button4Function DrawingFunction Invert
button5Function Button5Function DrawingFunction Invert
filename Filename String None ("")
basename Basename String None ("")
AUTHOR
Davor Matic, MIT X Consortium