The following control parameters can appear in any order:

-I

method to specify inverse translation, convert from +to coordinate system to the primary coordinate system defined.

-ta

A specifies a character employed as the first character to denote a control line to be passed through without processing. This option applicable to ascii input only. (# is the default value).

-e string

String is an arbitrary string to be output if an error is detected during data transformations. The default value is: *\t*. Note that if the -b, -i or -o options are employed, an error is returned as HUGE_VAL value for both return values.

-E

causes the input coordinates to be copied to the output line prior to printing the converted values.

-l[p|P|=|e|u|d]id

List projection identifiers with -l, -lp or -lP (expanded) that can be selected with +proj. -l=id gives expanded description of projection id. List ellipsoid identifiers with -le, that can be selected with +ellps, -lu list of cartesian to meter conversion factors that can be selected with +units or -ld list of datums that can be selected with +datum.

-r

This options reverses the order of the expected input from longitude-latitude or x-y to latitude-longitude or y-x.

-s

This options reverses the order of the output from x-y or longitude-latitude to y-x or latitude-longitude.

-f format

Format is a printf format string to control the form of the output values. For inverse projections, the output will be in degrees when this option is employed. If a format is specified for inverse projection the output data will be in decimal degrees. The default format is "%.2f" for forward projection and DMS for inverse.

-[w|W]n

N is the number of significant fractional digits to employ for seconds output (when the option is not specified, -w3 is assumed). When -W is employed the fields will be constant width and with leading zeroes.

-v

causes a listing of cartographic control parameters tested for and used by the program to be printed prior to input data. Should not be used with the -T option.

The +args run-line arguments are associated with cartographic parameters and usage varies with projection and for a complete description see Cartographic Projection Procedures for the UNIX Environment---A User's Manual ) and supplementary documentation for Release 4.

The cs2cs program requires two coordinate system definitions. The first (or primary is defined based on all projection parameters not appearing after the +to argument. All projection parameters appearing after the +to argument are considered the definition of the second coordinate system. If there is no second coordinate system defined, a geographic coordinate system based on the datum and ellipsoid of the source coordinate system is assumed. Note that the source and destination coordinate system can both be projections, both be geographic, or one of each and may have the same or different datums.

Additional projection control parameters may be contained in two auxilliary control files: the first is optionally referenced with the +init=file:id and the second is always processed after the name of the projection has been established from either the run-line or the contents of +init file. The environment parameter PROJ_LIB establishes the default directory for a file reference without an absolute path. This is also used for supporting files like datum shift files.

One or more files (processed in left to right order) specify the source of data to be transformed. A - will specify the location of processing standard input. If no files are specified, the input is assumed to be from stdin. For input data the two data values must be in the first two white space separated fields and when both input and output are ASCII all trailing portions of the input line are appended to the output line.

Input geographic data (longitude and latitude) must be in DMS format and input cartesian data must be in units consistent with the ellipsoid major axis or sphere radius units. Output geographic coordinates will be in DMS (if the -w switch is not employed) and precise to 0.001" with trailing, zero-valued minute-second fields deleted.

cs2cs +proj=latlong +datum=NAD83 +to +proj=utm +zone=10 +datum=NAD27 -r <<EOF 45d15'33.1" 111.5W 45d15.551666667N -111d30 +45.25919444444 111d30'000w EOF

1402285.99 5076292.42 0.000