dcraw - command-line decoder for raw digital photos
SYNOPSIS
dcraw [OPTION]... [FILE]...
DESCRIPTION
dcraw decodes raw photos, displays
metadata, and extracts thumbnails.
OPTIONS
-v
Print verbose messages, not just warnings and errors.
-c
Write decoded images or thumbnails to standard output.
-e
Extract the camera-generated thumbnail, not the raw image.
You'll get either a JPEG or a PPM file, depending on the camera.
-z
Change the access and modification times of an AVI, JPEG or raw
file to when the photo was taken, assuming that the camera clock
was set to Universal Time.
-i
Identify files but don't decode them. Exit status is 0 if
dcraw can decode the last file, 1 if it can't. -i -v
shows metadata.
dcraw cannot decode JPEG files!!
-d
Show the raw data as a grayscale image with no interpolation.
Good for photographing black-and-white documents.
-D
Same as -d, but totally raw (no color scaling).
-h
Output a half-size color image. Twice as fast as
-q 0.
-q 0
Use high-speed, low-quality bilinear interpolation.
-q 2
Use Variable Number of Gradients (VNG) interpolation.
-q 3
Use Adaptive Homogeneity-Directed (AHD) interpolation.
-f
Interpolate RGB as four colors. Use this if the output shows
false 2x2 meshes with VNG or mazes with AHD.
-B sigma_domain sigma_range
Use a bilateral filter to smooth noise while preserving edges.
sigma_domain is in units of pixels, while sigma_range
is in units of CIELab colorspace. Try -B 2 4 to
start.
-b brightness
By default, dcraw writes 8-bit PGM/PPM/PAM with a BT.709
gamma curve and a 99th-percentile white point. If the result is too
light or too dark, -b lets you adjust it. Default is 1.0.
-4
Write 16-bit linear pseudo-PGM/PPM/PAM with no gamma curve, no
white point, and no -b option.
-3
Same output as -4, written in Adobe PhotoShop format.
-k black
Set the black point. Default depends on the camera.
-a
Automatic color balance. The default is to use a fixed color
balance based on a white card photographed in sunlight.
-w
Use the color balance specified by the camera. If this can't be
found, print a warning and revert to the default.
-r mul0 mul1 mul2 mul3
Specify your own raw color balance. These multipliers can be
cut and pasted from the output of dcraw -v.
-n
Same as -H 1.
-H 0
Clip all highlights to solid white (default).
-H 1
Leave highlights unclipped in various shades of pink.
-H 2-9
Reconstruct highlights. Low numbers favor whites; high numbers
favor colors. Try -H 5 as a compromise. If that's not good
enough, do -H 9, cut out the non-white highlights, and
paste them into an image generated with -H 3.
-m
Same as -o 0.
-o [0-5]
Select the output colorspace when the -p option is not
used:
0 Raw color (unique to each camera)
1 sRGB D65 (default)
2 Adobe 1998 D65
3 Wide Gamut D65
4 Kodak ProPhoto D65
5 XYZ
-p camera.icm [ -o output.icm ]
Use ICC profiles to define the camera's raw colorspace and the
desired output colorspace (sRGB by default).
-p embed
Use the ICC profile embedded in the raw photo.
-t [0-7,90,180,270]
Flip the output image. By default, dcraw applies the
flip specified by the camera. -t 0 disables all flipping.
-j
For Fuji Super CCD cameras, show the image tilted 45
degrees, so that each output pixel corresponds to one raw pixel.
-s
For Fuji Super CCD SR cameras, use the secondary
sensors, in effect underexposing the image by four stops to reveal
detail in the highlights.
For all other cameras, -j and -s are silently
ignored.
The author stubbornly refuses to add more output
formats. Don't expect dcraw to produce the same images as
software provided by the camera vendor. Often dcraw yields
better results!