-Z /dev/dvd

Burn an initial session to the selected device. A special form of this option is recognized to support burning of pre-mastered images. See EXAMPLES section for further details.

-M /dev/dvd

Merge a new session to an existing one.

-version

Print version information and invoke mkisofs, also with -version option.

-dvd-compat

Provide maximum media compatibility with DVD-ROM/-Video. In write-once DVD+R or DVD-R context this results in unappendable recording (closed disk). In DVD+RW context it instructs the logical unit to explicitly burn [otherwise optional] lead-out.

-dry-run

At dry-run growisofs performs all the steps till, but not including the first write operation. Most notably check for "overburn" condition is performed, which implies that mkisofs is invoked and terminated prematurely.

-overburn

Normally single layer DVD media can accommodate up to approximately 4.700.000.000 bytes (in marketing speech 4.7GB). In other words a DVD can contain about 4.377 GiB or 4482 MiB. Same kind of arithmetics applies to Blu-ray Disc capacity of 25.000.000.000 bytes. Anyway, growisofs won't start without this option, if "overburn" condition appears to be unavoidable.

-speed=N

An option to control recording velocity. Most commonly you'll use -speed=1 with "no-name" media, if default speed settings messes up the media. Keep in mind that N essentially denotes speed closest to N*1385KBps in DVD or N*4496KBps in Blu-ray Disc case among those offered by unit for currently mounted media. The list can be found in dvd+rw-mediainfo output. Note that Blu-ray Disc recordings are commonly performed at ~1/2 of advertised speed, because of defect management being in effect.

<mkisofs-options>

More options can be found in the manpage for mkisofs.

There are several undocumented options commonly denoted with -use-the-force-luke prefix. Some of them serve debugging purposes. Some require certain knowledge about recording process or even OS kernel internals and as being such can induce confusing behaviour. Some are to be used in very specific situations better recognized by front-ends or automated scripts. Rationale behind leaving these options undocumented is that those few users who would actually need to use them directly can as well consult the source code or obtain specific instructions elsewhere.

To master and burn an ISO9660 volume with Joliet and Rock-Ridge extensions on a DVD or Blu-ray Disc:

growisofs -Z /dev/dvd -R -J /some/files

To append more data to same media:

growisofs -M /dev/dvd -R -J /more/files

Make sure to use the same options for both initial burning and when appending data.

To finalize the multisession DVD maintaining maximum compatibility:

growisofs -M /dev/dvd=/dev/zero

To use growisofs to write a pre-mastered ISO-image to a DVD:

growisofs -dvd-compat -Z /dev/dvd=image.iso

where image.iso represents an arbitrary object in the filesystem, such as file, named pipe or device entry. Nothing is growing here and command name is not intuitive in this context.

        #!/bin/ksh
        unset SUDO_COMMAND
        export MKISOFS=/path/to/trusted/mkisofs
        exec growisofs "$@"

But note that the recommended alternative to the above "workaround" is actually to install growisofs set-root-uid, in which case it will drop privileges prior accessing data or executing mkisofs in order to preclude unauthorized access to the data.

If the media already carries isofs and growisofs is invoked with -Z option non-interactively, e.g. through cron, it shall fail with "FATAL: /dev/dvd already carries isofs!" Note that only ISO9660 is recognized, you can perfectly zap e.g. an UDF filesystem non-interactively. Recommendation is to prepare media for unattended usage by re-formatting or nullifying first 64KB in advance.

"Overburn" protection in pre-mastered image context works only with plain files and ISO9660 formatted volumes. E.g. [given that /dev/root is an ext2 formatted file system larger than 4.7GB] /dev/dvd=/dev/root is bound to produce corrupted recording.

Note that DVD+RW re-formatting procedure does not substitute for blanking. If you want to nullify the media, e.g. for privacy reasons, do it explicitly with 'growisofs -Z /dev/dvd=/dev/zero'.

Playback of re-writable DVD media, both DVD+RW and DVD-RW, might be limited in legacy DVD-ROM/-Video units. In most cases this is due to lower reflectivity of such media.

Even though growisofs supports it, playback of multisession write-once DVD might be limited to the first session for two reasons:

*

not all DVD-ROM players are capable of multi-border DVD-R playback, even less are aware of DVD+R multisessioning, burner unit therefore might be the only one in your vicinity capable of accessing files written at different occasions;

*

OS might fail to mount multisession DVD for various reasons;

The above is not applicable to DVD+RW, DVD-RW Restricted Overwrite, DVD-RAM or Blu-ray Disc as volumes are grown within a single session.

When growisofs "runs into" blank Blu-ray Disc media, BD-RE or BD-R, it gets pre-formatted with minimal spare area size of 256MB.

The manpage for mkisofs.

This manpage is currently maintained by Huub Reuver <h_reuver@mantell.xs4all.nl>.